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  1. VA New England Mental Illness, Research, Education and Clinical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
  2. Corresponding author: Somaia Mohamed, MD, PhD, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Ave, Mailstop (182), West Haven, CT 06516 ([email protected])
  3. VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
  4. VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
  5. Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
  6. VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
  7. Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas
  8. Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
  9. VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
  10. Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
  11. Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
  12. Tuscaloosa VA Medical Center, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
  13. Tucson VA Medical Center, Tucson, Arizona
  14. Salem VA Medical Center, Salem, Virginia
  15. Salem VA Medical Center, Salem, Virginia
  16. Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinatti, Ohio
  17. Charles George VA Medical Center, Asheville, North Carolina
  18. Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
  19. VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
  20. The names of all participants in the VAST-D Study are listed in Supplementary Appendix 1.