This article is available to members only. Please enjoy the abstract for free. Subscribe for instant access to the full article.

This content is restricted to subscribers

Continue Reading...

Did you know members enjoy unlimited free PDF downloads as part of their subscription? Subscribe today for instant access to this article and our entire library in your preferred format. Alternatively, you can purchase the PDF of this article individually.

Subscribe Now

Already a member? Login

  1. Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
  2. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
  3. Corresponding Author: Stephanie M. London, MD, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478 ([email protected]).
  4. Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
  5. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
  6. Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
  7. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
  1. Perälä J, Suvisaari J, Saarni SI, et al. Lifetime prevalence of psychotic and bipolar I disorders in a general population. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64(1):19–28. PubMed CrossRef
  2. Awad AG, Voruganti LN. The burden of schizophrenia on caregivers: a review. Pharmacoeconomics. 2008;26(2):149–162. PubMed CrossRef
  3. Fekadu W, Mihiretu A, Craig TKJ, et al. Multidimensional impact of severe mental illness on family members: systematic review. BMJ Open. 2019;9(12):e032391. PubMed CrossRef
  4. Cloutier M, Aigbogun MS, Guerin A, et al. The economic burden of schizophrenia in the United States in 2013. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016;77(6):764–771. PubMed CrossRef
  5. Robinson D, Woerner MG, Alvir JM, et al. Predictors of relapse following response from a first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999;56(3):241–247. PubMed CrossRef
  6. Gitlin M, Nuechterlein K, Subotnik KL, et al. Clinical outcome following neuroleptic discontinuation in patients with remitted recent-onset schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2001;158(11):1835–1842. PubMed CrossRef
  7. Subotnik KL, Nuechterlein KH, Ventura J, et al. Risperidone nonadherence and return of positive symptoms in the early course of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168(3):286–292. PubMed CrossRef
  8. Morken G, Widen JH, Grawe RW. Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication, relapse and rehospitalisation in recent-onset schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry. 2008;8(1):32. PubMed CrossRef
  9. Hill M, Crumlish N, Whitty P, et al. Nonadherence to medication four years after a first episode of psychosis and associated risk factors. Psychiatr Serv. 2010;61(2):189–192. PubMed CrossRef
  10. Novick D, Haro JM, Suarez D, et al. Predictors and clinical consequences of non-adherence with antipsychotic medication in the outpatient treatment of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 2010;176(2-3):109–113. PubMed CrossRef
  11. Lindenmayer JP, Liu-Seifert H, Kulkarni PM, et al. Medication nonadherence and treatment outcome in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder with suboptimal prior response. J Clin Psychiatry. 2009;70(7):990–996. PubMed CrossRef
  12. Takeuchi H, Siu C, Remington G, et al. Does relapse contribute to treatment resistance? antipsychotic response in first- vs second-episode schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019;44(6):1036–1042. PubMed CrossRef
  13. Breitborde NJ, Srihari VH, Woods SW. Review of the operational definition for first-episode psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2009;3(4):259–265. PubMed CrossRef
  14. Marshall M, Lewis S, Lockwood A, et al. Association between duration of untreated psychosis and outcome in cohorts of first-episode patients: a systematic review. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(9):975–983. PubMed CrossRef
  15. Harrigan SM, McGorry PD, Krstev H. Does treatment delay in first-episode psychosis really matter? Psychol Med. 2003;33(1):97–110. PubMed CrossRef
  16. Penttilä M, Jääskeläinen E, Hirvonen N, et al. Duration of untreated psychosis as predictor of long-term outcome in schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;205(2):88–94. PubMed CrossRef
  17. Coldham EL, Addington J, Addington D. Medication adherence of individuals with a first episode of psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002;106(4):286–290. PubMed CrossRef
  18. Tan C, Abdin E, Liang W, et al. Medication adherence in first-episode psychosis patients in Singapore. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2019;13(4):780–788. PubMed CrossRef
  19. Raghavan V, Mohan G, Gopal S, et al. Medication adherence in first-episode psychosis and its association with psychopathology. Indian J Psychiatry. 2019;61(4):342–346. PubMed CrossRef
  20. Kampman O, Laippala P, Väänänen J, et al. Indicators of medication compliance in first-episode psychosis. Psychiatry Res. 2002;110(1):39–48. PubMed CrossRef
  21. Quach PL, Mors O, Christensen TO, et al. Predictors of poor adherence to medication among patients with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2009;3(1):66–74. PubMed CrossRef
  22. Steger KA, Cassidy C, Rabinovitch M, et al. Impact of symptom resolution on medication adherence in first episode psychosis. Psychiatry Res. 2012;196(1):45–51. PubMed CrossRef
  23. Perkins DO, Johnson JL, Hamer RM, et al; HGDH Research Group. Predictors of antipsychotic medication adherence in patients recovering from a first psychotic episode. Schizophr Res. 2006;83(1):53–63. PubMed CrossRef
  24. Lambert M, Conus P, Cotton S, et al. Prevalence, predictors, and consequences of long-term refusal of antipsychotic treatment in first-episode psychosis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010;30(5):565–572. PubMed CrossRef
  25. Kovasznay B, Fleischer J, Tanenberg-Karant M, et al. Substance use disorder and the early course of illness in schizophrenia and affective psychosis. Schizophr Bull. 1997;23(2):195–201. PubMed CrossRef
  26. Mutsatsa SH, Joyce EM, Hutton SB, et al. Clinical correlates of early medication adherence: West London first episode schizophrenia study. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2003;108(6):439–446. PubMed CrossRef
  27. Leclerc E, Noto C, Bressan RA, et al. Determinants of adherence to treatment in first-episode psychosis: a comprehensive review. Br J Psychiatry. 2015;37(2):168–176. PubMed CrossRef
  28. Shinn AK, Bolton KW, Karmacharya R, et al. McLean OnTrack: a transdiagnostic program for early intervention in first-episode psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2017;11(1):83–90. PubMed CrossRef
  29. Shinn AK, Cawkwell PB, Bolton K, et al. Return to college after a first episode of psychosis. Schizophr Bull Open. 2020;1(1):a041. PubMed CrossRef
  30. Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, et al. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)––a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42(2):377–381. PubMed CrossRef
  31. Valenstein M, Kavanagh J, Lee T, et al. Using a pharmacy-based intervention to improve antipsychotic adherence among patients with serious mental illness. Schizophr Bull. 2011;37(4):727–736. PubMed CrossRef
  32. Karve S, Cleves MA, Helm M, et al. Good and poor adherence: optimal cut-point for adherence measures using administrative claims data. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(9):2303–2310. PubMed CrossRef
  33. Caseiro O, Pérez-Iglesias R, Mata I, et al. Predicting relapse after a first episode of non-affective psychosis: a three-year follow-up study. J Psychiatr Res. 2012;46(8):1099–1105. PubMed CrossRef
  34. Cassidy CM, Rabinovitch M, Schmitz N, et al. A comparison study of multiple measures of adherence to antipsychotic medication in first-episode psychosis. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010;30(1):64–67. PubMed CrossRef
  35. Jónsdóttir H, Opjordsmoen S, Birkenaes AB, et al. Medication adherence in outpatients with severe mental disorders: relation between self-reports and serum level. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010;30(2):169–175. PubMed CrossRef
  36. Cawkwell PB, Bolton KW, Karmacharya R, et al. Two-year diagnostic stability in a real-world sample of individuals with early psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2020;14(6):751–754. PubMed CrossRef
  37. Essentials PP. Antipsychotic Dose Equivalents. American Association of Psychiatric Pharmacists (AAPP) website. https://aapp.org/guideline/essentials/antipsychotic-dose-equivalents. Accessed April 1, 2023.
  38. Perkins DO, Gu H, Weiden PJ, et al; Comparison of Atypicals in First Episode study group. Predictors of treatment discontinuation and medication nonadherence in patients recovering from a first episode of schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, or schizoaffective disorder: a randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose, multicenter study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(1):106–113. PubMed CrossRef
  39. Opolka JL, Rascati KL, Brown CM, et al. Role of ethnicity in predicting antipsychotic medication adherence. Ann Pharmacother. 2003;37(5):625–630. PubMed CrossRef
  40. Lacro JP, Dunn LB, Dolder CR, et al. Prevalence of and risk factors for medication nonadherence in patients with schizophrenia: a comprehensive review of recent literature. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(10):892–909. PubMed CrossRef
  41. McQuaid EL, Landier W. Cultural issues in medication adherence: disparities and directions. J Gen Intern Med. 2018;33(2):200–206. PubMed CrossRef
  42. Haskard Zolnierek KB, Dimatteo MR. Physician communication and patient adherence to treatment: a meta-analysis. Med Care. 2009;47(8):826–834. PubMed CrossRef
  43. Freudenreich O. Psychotic Disorders: A Practical Guide. 2nd ed. Springer International Publishing; 2020.
  44. Høyer G. On the justification for civil commitment. Acta Psychiatr Scand suppl. 2000;101(399):65–71. PubMed CrossRef
  45. David AS. Insight and psychosis. Br J Psychiatry. 1990;156(6):798–808. PubMed CrossRef
  46. Amador XF, Strauss DH, Yale SA, et al. Assessment of insight in psychosis. (see comments) Am J Psychiatry. 1993;150(6):873–879. PubMed CrossRef
  47. Beck AT, Baruch E, Balter JM, et al. A new instrument for measuring insight: the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale. Schizophr Res. 2004;68(2–3):319–329. PubMed CrossRef
  48. Capdevielle D, Norton J, Aouizerate B, et al; FACE-SCZ Group. Comparison of three scales (BIS, SUMD and BCIS) for measuring insight dimensions and their evolution after one-year of follow-up: findings from the FACE-SZ Cohort. Psychiatry Res. 2021;303:114044. PubMed CrossRef
  49. Droulout T, Liraud F, Verdoux H. Relationships between insight and medication adherence in subjects with psychosis [Influence de la conscience du trouble et de la perception subjective du traitement sur l’observance medicamenteuse dans les troubles psychotiques]. Encephale. 2003;29(5):430–437. PubMed
  50. Novick D, Montgomery W, Treuer T, et al. Relationship of insight with medication adherence and the impact on outcomes in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: results from a 1-year European outpatient observational study. BMC Psychiatry. 2015;15(1):189. PubMed CrossRef
  51. Lui SSY, Lam JPY, Lam JWS, et al. Cognitive insight is correlated with cognitive impairments and contributes to medication adherence in schizophrenia patients. Asian J Psychiatr. 2021;60:102644. PubMed CrossRef
  52. David AS. Insight and psychosis: the next 30 years. Br J Psychiatry. 2020;217(3):521–523. PubMed CrossRef
  53. Pijnenborg GH, van Donkersgoed RJ, David AS, et al. Changes in insight during treatment for psychotic disorders: a meta-analysis. Schizophr Res. 2013;144(1-3):109–117. PubMed CrossRef
  54. Swofford CD, Kasckow JW, Scheller-Gilkey G, et al. Substance use: a powerful predictor of relapse in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res. 1996;20(1-2):145–151. PubMed CrossRef
  55. Hides L, Dawe S, Kavanagh DJ, et al. Psychotic symptom and cannabis relapse in recent-onset psychosis. prospective study. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;189(2):137–143. PubMed CrossRef