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Recent years have witnessed a considerable increase in both fundamental knowledge and available experimental techniques in the basic neurosciences. Unfortunately, clinical translation of these findings vis-× -vis a direct benefit to patients who suffer from psychiatric diseases hasm not been as rapid. It is likely that this will change in the near future. We discuss some of the knowledge and expanding techniques of basic neuroscience, focusing on those that may be most promising regarding the future impact of the current molecular medicine revolution in psychiatry.