A Polymorphism in the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Is Associated With Smoking Behaviour

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Sir: Nicotine abuse and dependence is a complex addictivedisorder with a pronounced genetic background. In addition, itis one of the strongest risk factors for cardiovascular disorders(CVD). It has been extensively discussed whether the knownhigh comorbidity between CVD and major depressive disorder(MDD) is more likely determined by biological, such as genetic,variables or by behavioral changes caused by depression,which in turn enhance cardiovascular risks. Functional polymorphismsof the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) geneare susceptibility factors for MDD.’ ‹